The first symptoms of diabetes

Diabetic sugar is progressive and disabled, the distribution of which is seriously disturbing doctors around the world.

This pathology may be due to the so -called diseases of civilization, because its main cause lies in the wrong way of life that modern humans adhere to.

Timely diagnosis of diabetes gives the patient a chance to delay the onset of severe complications. But it is not always possible to recognize the first signs of diabetes. The fault is the lack of elementary knowledge of this disease and the low level of disclosure of the patient for medical attention.

Warning! Diabetic sugar is a chronic disease and still does not exist.

What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetic sugar is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, the main manifestations of which are the absolute or relative deficiency of insulin in the body and an increase in blood glucose. As a result of the disease, all metabolism is impaired: protein, lipid, carbohydrate, mineral metabolism. There is also a violation of the acid-base balance.

According to statistics, 1 to 8% of people suffer from diabetes, but scientists suggest that the real number of patients is much more. And this figure is increasing every year. The number of diseases of children diabetes is also increasing.

Warning! Insulin is the only hormone that reduces blood glucose levels and promotes its absorption with cells.

Insulin is produced in the tissue of the pancreas from its beta cells. Disruption of the formation of this hormone as a result of their damage or impaired absorption by peripheral cells leads to the fact that diabetes begins.

Diabetes

There are several types of diabetes known:

• Enter the first previously called insulin -dependent. It develops the primary insufficiency of insulin hormone, leading to hyperglycemia. Most often the cause of this pathology is autoimmune damage to the pancreas.
• The second type, called the earlier insulin -dependent, but this definition is not accurate, since replacing insulin therapy may be required with the progression of this type. In this type of disease, the level of insulin first remains normal or even exceeds the norm. However, the cells of the body, first of all, adipocytes (fat cells), become insensitive to it, leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.

Warning! Factors that provoke the onset of the disease are: severe stress, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance, transmitted diseases and other significant changes in the body.

Also distinguish:

• Diabetes gestational sugar (in pregnant women).
• Diabetes as a manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes itself acts as a symptom of a disease.

There are three degrees of severity of the course of the disease:

• light;
• medium;
• Heavy.

The initial signs of type I diabetes mellitus

This type of disease is more likely to affect young people and is considered genetically determined. It can be manifested already at an early age.

The first signs of type I diabetes are considered:

• There is a lot to increase appetite, there is a lot of need, but at the same time a person does not gain weight or lose weight without special physical activity and diets. This is due to energy failure in the cells, the cause of which is reduced glucose absorption.
• Inclusion of nightly urination and increased daily diuresis, respectively, increased fluid consumption. Polyuria occurs with an increase in osmotic urine pressure due to increased glucose filtration in urine.
• The sudden onset of severe thirst, resulting in a person drinking up to 5 liters of fluid a day. Polydipsia has several mechanisms for development. The first is to fill in water deficiency due to polyuria, and the second is realized with the irritation of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
• The appearance of acetonemia, whose signs are the smell of acetone from the mouth, the urine acquires the smell of rotten apples. Acetonemia occurs when switching the pathway of energy from carbohydrates to fat under glucose deficiency in the cell. At the same time, ketone bodies are formed, which toxic affect the body. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting are associated with their influence.
• With the progression of ketoacidotic condition, the first symptom of initial disease is diabetic coma.
• Increasing overall weakness and increased fatigue due to impaired metabolism, energy hunger of body cells and the accumulation of toxic metabolism.
• Violation of vision in the form of blurred and unclear objects, redness of the conjunctiva and carving in the eyes.
• Itching of the skin, the formation of small erosion on the skin and mucous membranes that do not heal for a long time.
• Excessive hair loss.

The first type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by the fact that it manifests itself abruptly, suddenly, and often only acute symptoms in the form of severe ketoacidosis to coma to summarize this diagnosis.

The initial symptoms of type II diabetes

The second type of diabetes develops in people of greater age, having overweight or obesity. Their mechanism for the development of the pathology lies in the fact that fat cells are buried with fat and increase size. As a result, the quantity and quality of receptors to changes in insulin, which leads to insensitivity or resistance to the hormone. Under such conditions, glucose is not absorbed.

In the early stages of diabetes of the second type of compensatory increase in insulin insulin synthesis, the pancreas arises, but as the disease progresses, this reserve is exhausted and the absolute insulin -adult system develops.

The characteristic of this disease is that its symptoms in the initial stage of diabetes cannot notice a person for a long time. Most people explain their worsening health about age -related changes, fatigue and do not start with diabetes. The delayed appeal with respect to the disease is also explained by the slow progression and the deleted symptoms than in type I.

Reference! Often type II diabetes is diagnosed by accident when applying for another pathology or preventive examination.

Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common are the following:

• Polydipsia is manifested by increased drinking regimen up to 4-5 liters per day. Such severe thirst is more common in adulthood patients. In the elderly, there is an insensitivity to thirst.
• Polyuria, especially a frequent call for the act of urination, is observed at night.
• Improvement of body weight.
• Increased appetite, especially for sugary foods.
• Increasing weakness, drowsiness, fatigue.
• Itching of the skin, especially in the perineum and genitals.
• Paresthesia and numbness in the lower limbs and palms due to the development of diabetic neuropathy.
• Pain and fatigue in the legs when walking, rare hair, cooling of the limbs due to damage to the vessels.
• Furunculosis, candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, infected long -term non -stick cracks, wounds, scratches. Other leather symptoms of the disease are: diabetic dermatopathy, bubbles, xanthomas, lipoid necrobiosis, neurodermatitis. All this is a consequence of impaired skin regeneration and reduced immune reactivity.
• Periodontal disease and recurrent stomatitis.
• Vision deterioration as a result of the toxic effects of high blood glucose concentrations (retinopathy, cataract). As a rule, in the second type of diabetes, eye damage occurs much later than in the first.
• Frequent recurrences of urinary tract infections, more special, pyelonephritis as a result of hyperglycemia and glucosuria.

Signs of the occurrence of diabetes in children

Quite often, type I diabetes mellitus is diagnosed during the development of acute complications in a small patient - diabetic ketoacidosis or ketoacidotic coma. Parents should pay attention if their child has frequent episodes of ketosis or So -Callyed Cyclic Promitation Syndrome. This condition develops in a very constitutional predisposed to acetonymic children's syndrome. It is aggravated by acute respiratory viral infections, infectious diseases and can lead to dehydration due to vomiting. But this syndrome goes by itself as the child grows up.

If ketosis occurs under the age of a year or lasts for more than 7-9 years, the endocrinologist should be examined. However, experts advise on any acetonia to pass a blood glucose test.

The first signs of pathology in children are:

• Polyuria;
• Polydipsia;
• Sharp weight loss.

If these symptoms of diabetes cannot be recognized, the child may develop ketoacidosis with such characteristic symptoms:

• abdominal pain;
• vomiting, nausea;
• dry skin;
• Frequent breathing;
• dizziness;
• the smell of acetone in exhaled air, in urine, vomiting;
• lethargy, drowsiness;
• Loss of consciousness.

Important! If the symptoms of ketoacidosis occur, you should urgently seek emergency medical attention!

The beginning of diabetes sugar in men

There are changes in the genital sphere of men with this disease due to impaired innervation (neuropathy) and blood supply to the reproductive organs. Such symptoms are characteristic:

• reduced libido;
• impaired unstable erection;
• Infertility due to the reduction of mobility and the number of viable forms of sperm.

In addition, there are often itching in the genitals due to the irritating effect of sweaty secrets with high glucose concentration.

Diabetes Disorders in Women

Different signs of this disease are observed with damage to the woman's reproductive organs:

• reducing sexual interest;
• irregular menstruation;
• dryness and itching of the mucosa of the genital organs, candidiasis of the vagina;
• no -infinity of pregnancy;
• Infertility.

In pregnant women, a special type of diabetes is sometimes found - gestational. Therefore, when observing a pregnant woman, the doctor should direct the woman in time for a test for oral tolerance to glucose and regularly monitor the general urine analysis to detect glucosuria.

What should I do when identifying the symptoms of diabetes?

It is best to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you what examinations you need to undergo to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory examinations include:

• Blood test for glucose levels on an empty stomach:
• Oral glucose tolerance for detection of pre -Antiabetes;
• blood test for glycosylated hemoglobin;
• Urine analysis for glucosuria;
• Urine analysis for acetone.

Other laboratory and instrumental methods are used to identify complications of the disease.

In this way, it is necessary to relate to health responsibly in order to identify the first signs of diabetes in time.